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Effect of Phytoncide on Porphyromonas gingivalis

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±è¼±±Ô ( Kim Sun-Q ) - °æÈñ´ëÇб³ Ä¡°ú´ëÇÐ ±¸°­³»°úÇб³½Ç
½Å¹Ì°æ ( Shin Mi-Kyoung ) - °æÈñ´ëÇб³ Ä¡°ú´ëÇÐ ±¸°­»ý¹°Çבּ¸¼Ò
¾î±Ô½Ä ( Auh Q-Schick ) - °æÈñ´ëÇб³ Ä¡°ú´ëÇÐ ±¸°­³»°úÇб³½Ç
ÀÌÁø¿ë ( Lee Jin-Yong ) - °æÈñ´ëÇб³ Ä¡°ú´ëÇÐ ±¸°­¹Ì»ý¹°Çб³½Ç
È«ÁøÇ¥ ( Hong Jung-Pyo ) - °æÈñ´ëÇб³ Ä¡°ú´ëÇÐ ±¸°­³»°úÇб³½Ç
Àü¾çÇö ( Chun Yang-Hyun ) - °æÈñ´ëÇб³ Ä¡°ú´ëÇÐ ±¸°­³»°úÇб³½Ç

Abstract

ÇÇÅæÄ¡µå¶õ ¡®»ê¸²Ç⡯À̶ó°í ºÎ¸£´Â, ³ª¹«°¡ °®´Â ƯÀ¯ÀÇ ÇâÀ» ¹ß»êÇÏ´Â Èֹ߼º È­Çй°Áú·Î¼­, ¿ì¸® ¸öÀ» ÄèÀûÇÏ°Ô ÇØ ÁÙ »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó Ç×±Õ, ¹æÃæ, ¼ÒÃë µî ´Ù¾çÇÑ ±â´ÉÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù. Ä¡ÁÖÁúȯ°ú ±¸Ã븦 À¯¹ß½ÃÅ°´Â Áß¿äÇÑ ¿øÀαÕÀÎ P. gingivalis¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÇÇÅæÄ¡µåÀÇ Ç×±ÕÈ¿°ú¿Í Ç×±ÕÀÛ¿ëÀ» ¿¬±¸Çϱâ À§ÇÏ¿©, Æí¹é ÇÇÅæÄ¡µå¿Í ÇÔ²² P. gingivalis 2561À» ¹è¾çÇÑ ÈÄ P. gingivalis 2561ÀÇ ¼ºÀåÁ¤µµ, »ýÁ¸·Â ¹× ÇüÅÂÀû, ºÐÀÚ»ý¹°ÇÐÀû º¯È­¸¦ °üÂûÇÏ¿© ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº °á°ú¸¦ ¾ò¾ú´Ù.
1. ÇÇÅæÄ¡µå´Â P. gingivalis¿¡ ¸Å¿ì °­ÇÑ Ç×±Õ·ÂÀ» º¸¿´°í, ÀÌ Ç×±Õ·ÂÀº »ì±ÕÀÛ¿ë¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ °ÍÀ¸·Î ³ªÅ¸³µ´Ù. P. gingivalis¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÇÇÅæÄ¡µåÀÇ ÃÖ¼Ò¾ïÁ¦³óµµ´Â 0.008%, ÃÖ¼Ò»ì±Õ³óµµ´Â 0.01%·Î °áÁ¤µÇ¾ú´Ù.
2. ÇÇÅæÄ¡µå¿Í ÇÔ²² ¹è¾çµÈ P. gingivalis´Â ampicillin, cefatoxime, penicillin, tetracycline¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °¨¼ö¼ºÀÌ º¯ÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾ÒÀ¸³ª amoxicillin¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °¨¼ö¼ºÀº Áõ°¡ÇÏ¿´´Ù.
3. ÇÇÅæÄ¡µå¿Í °°ÀÌ ¹è¾çµÈ P. gingivalis¸¦ Åõ°úÀüÀÚÇö¹Ì°æÀ¸·Î °üÂûÇÑ °á°ú, ÇÙÀÌ ¶Ñ·ÇÇØÁö°í ÀüÀڹеµ°¡ ³ôÀº °ú¸³ÀÌ Áõ°¡ÇÏ¿´°í ¸®º¸¼ØÀÌ ¼¼Æ÷Áú °¡Àå ÀÚ¸®·Î ºÐÆ÷ÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç, ÇÇÅæÄ¡µå ¾çÀÌ Áõ°¡ÇÒ ¼ö·Ï À¯·É¼¼Æ÷, ƯÈ÷ ¼ÒÆ÷°¡ Ư¡ÀûÀ¸·Î Å©°Ô Áõ°¡ÇÏ¿´´Ù.
4. RT-PCR ºÐ¼® °á°ú, ÇÇÅæÄ¡µå´Â P. gingivalisÀÇ superoxide dismutaseÀÇ ¹ßÇöÀ» ¾ïÁ¦ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î ³ªÅ¸³µ´Ù.
5. SDS-PAGE¿Í immunoblot ºÐ¼® °á°ú, ÇÇÅæÄ¡µå´Â P. gingivalisÀÇ ´Ü¹éÁú ¹ßÇö¿¡ Å« ¿µÇâÀ» ¹ÌÄ¡Áö ¾Ê´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î ³ªÅ¸³µ´Ù.
ÀÌ»óÀÇ °á°ú·Î ¹Ì·ç¾î ÇÇÅæÄ¡µå´Â P. gingivalis¿¡ ´ëÇØ °­ÇÑ Ç×±ÕÈ¿°ú¸¦ °®°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç ÀÌ°ÍÀº »ì±ÕÀÛ¿ë¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ °ÍÀ¸·Î ÆǴܵȴÙ. Áï, ÇÇÅæÄ¡µå´Â ´Ü¹éÁú ¹ßÇö¿¡´Â ¿µÇâÀ» ¹ÌÄ¡Áö ¸øÇÏÁö¸¸ P. gingivalisÀÇ Ç×»êÈ­¹°Áú »ý»ê´É·ÂÀ» °¨¼Ò½ÃÅ°°Å³ª ¾ÆÁ÷ ¹àÇôÁöÁö ¾ÊÀº ±âÀüÀ» ÅëÇØ ½ºÆ®·¹½º »óȲÀ» À¯µµÇÏ¿© »ýÁ¸´É·ÂÀ» ¾ïÁ¦ÇÏ¿© °á°úÀûÀ¸·Î ¼¼±Õ¼¼Æ÷ÀÇ ±¸Á¶Àû ÇüÅ º¯È­¿Í ÇÔ²² »ç¸êÀ» À¯µµÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î »ç·áµÈ´Ù.

Trees emit phytoncide into atmosphere to protect them from predation. Phytoncide from different trees has its own unique fragrance that is referred to as forest bath. Phytoncide, which is essential oil of trees, has microbicidal, insecticidal, acaricidal, and deodorizing effect. The present study was performed to examine the effect of phytoncide on Porphyromonas gingivalis, which is one of the most important causative agents of periodontitis and halitosis. P. gingivalis 2561 was incubated with or without phytoncide extracted from Hinoki (Chamaecyparis obtusa Sieb. et Zucc.; Japanese cypress) and then changes were observed in its cell viability, antibiotic sensitivity, morphology, and biochemical/molecular biological pattern. The results were as follows:
1. The phytoncide appeared to have a strong antibacterial effect on P. gingivalis. MIC of phytoncide for the bacterium was determined to be 0.008%. The antibacterial effect was attributed to bactericidal activity against P. gingivalis. It almost completely suppressed the bacterial cell viability (>99.9%) at the concentration of 0.01%, which is the MBC for the bacterium.
2. The phytoncide failed to enhance the bacterial susceptibility to ampicillin, cefotaxime, penicillin, and tetracycline but did increase the susceptibility to amoxicillin.
3. Numbers of electron dense granules, ghost cell, and vesicles increased with increasing concentration of the phytoncide,
4. RT-PCR analysis revealed that expression of superoxide dismutase was increased in the bacterium incubated with the phytoncide.
5. No distinct difference in protein profile between the bacterium incubated with or without the phytoncide was observed as determined by SDS-PAGE and immunoblot.
Overall results suggest that the phytoncide is a strong antibacterial agent that has a bactericidal action against P. gingivalis. The phytoncide does not seem to affect much the profile of the major outer membrane proteins but interferes with antioxidant activity of the bacterium. Along with this, yet unknown mechanism may cause changes in cell morphology and eventually cell death.

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Phytoncide;Antibacterial effect;Malodor;P. gingivalis;Oral pathogenic bacteria

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